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Herem (war or property)
''Herem'' or ''cherem'' (Hebrew: חרם, ''ḥērem''), as used in the Tanakh, means ‘devote’ or ‘destroy’.〔 It is also referred to as the ban. The term has been explained in different ways by scholars. It has been defined as "a mode of secluding, and rendering harmless, anything imperilling the religious life of the nation,"〔S.R. Driver, ''A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Deuteronomy'', 98.〕 or "the total destruction of the enemy and his goods at the conclusion of a campaign,"〔J. Soggin, ''Joshua'' (London, SCM 1972) 97.〕 or "uncompromising consecration of property and dedication of the property to God without possibility of recall or redemption.〔 J. A. Thompson suggests that ''herem'' meant that in the hour of victory all that would normally be regarded as booty, including the inhabitants of the land, was to be devoted to God. Thus would every harmful thing be burned out and the land purified.〔J. A. Thompson, ''Deuteronomy'', TOTC (London 1974) 73〕
== Etymology ==
The word comes from the semitic root ''H-R-M''. In the masoretic text of the Tanakh the verb form occurs 51 times, while the noun occurs 28 times.〔Leon J. Wood, "חרם," in ''Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament'' (Chicago: Moody, 1980), 324-325.〕 Although the word itself simply means devotion to God (and is used this way in Leviticus 27:28), it most often refers to "a ban for utter destruction".〔 There is also a homonym, ''herem'', meaning fisherman's net, which occurs 9 times in the masoretic text and is traditionally regarded as etymologically unrelated, according to Gesenius and Brown Driver Briggs Lexicons and older sources.〔Gesenius Lexicon - this could/should be updated with a more modern academic source〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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